Explain Diversity In The Living World (Class 11 – Biology) – Notes.
Fundamental Forces The most beautiful phenomenon that can be seen in physics is that how universe is so disciplined and synced together. The force has kept the universe bind together. Forces have always played an important role in the human existence, but it is not realized by humans. Human beings cRead more
Fundamental Forces
The most beautiful phenomenon that can be seen in physics is that how universe is so disciplined and synced together. The force has kept the universe bind together. Forces have always played an important role in the human existence, but it is not realized by humans. Human beings constantly experience some force acting on them like gravitational force, etc. There are some forces that naturally exist in the universe, they are known as Fundamental Forces. Let’s learn about them in some detail.
Force
Force is an interaction, either with contact or without contact. When there is no opposition given to the Force, It can result in changing the motion, shape, position, of a body. Whenever some interaction occurs between two objects, there is a certain force acting upon them. There are many types of Forces present, For instance, Applied Force, Gravitational Force, Frictional Force, Tension Force, etc.
Fundamental Forces in nature
These forces are so well-defined that they cover the macroscopic and microscopic forces present in nature. The forces learned or seen by humans in everyday life, from frictional force, pull, push, thrust, etc. are known as derived forces, and they are not considered the fundamental forces. The derived forces are actually derived from the fundamental forces in some way or the other. Some Fundamental Forces are,
- Gravitational Force
- Electromagnetic Force
- Strong Nuclear Force
- Weak Nuclear Force
These above-mentioned forces are responsible for all the observations obtained in forces present in the nature.
Gravitational Force
This force exists by the virtue of the masses of any objects. Gravitational force is the mutual force of attraction between two masses. Attraction between any mass and Earth is called Gravity. Isaac Newton first gave the concept of gravity. Gravity is the most intuitive and the weakest force present in nature. The Irony is that Gravity actually holds the planet, Solar system, Entire Universe together, yet it is known to be the weakest force present in nature.
The Force of Gravitation is given as,
Formula for Gravitational Force,
Where, F = Force of Gravitation
M1, M2 = Masses 1 and 2
r = Distance between the masses
G = Gravitational Constant (6.67× 10-11m3kg-1s-2)
Electromagnetic Force
Charges when they are at rest exert a force at each other known as the Electric force of attraction/repulsion. Like charges repel each other while unlike charges attract each other. When charges start to move and become dynamic, they develop magnetic field lines around and have magnetic force, these two forces combined are known as Electromagnetic forces present in nature.
Magnetic force produced by current (moving charge)
Combining the above two forces which are always perpendicular to each other will give rise to Electromagnetic Force. The force is produced by massless bosons and photons present in the charges, Electromagnetic force exists in nature and is responsible for many derived forces we experience every day, for example, Friction Force, Normal Force, Elasticity, and so on.
Strong Nuclear Force
It is the force of attraction between Protons and Neutrons. The force is the same whether protons and protons are present or neutrons and neutrons are present or protons and neutrons are looked at. In short, a Strong nuclear force exists between all nucleons. In short Ranges, this Force is the strongest among all the forces. It is important to note that at a distance of 10-13 cm, this force vanishes.
Weak Nuclear Force
This Force is seen In the β Decay of a nucleus. Scientist named Wolfgang Pauli First predicted a particle named Neutrino. The Neutrino is an uncharged Particle that is released along with the electron in the β Decay process. During β Decay, when Beta Particle is ejected from an Atom, it tends to accelerate away from the atom and some force is required to accelerate the particle known as Weak Nuclear Force. Weak Nuclear Force is stronger than gravitational force but weaker than a strong nuclear force.
Table to represent Range and Relative Strength of Different Forces:
| Forces | Range | Relative strength |
| Gravitational Force | ∞ | 10-38 |
| Electromagnetic Force | ∞ | 10-2 |
| Strong nuclear force | < 10-15m | 1 |
| Weak nuclear Force | < 10-18m | 10-13 |
Conceptual Questions
Question 1: Which Fundamental Force is the strongest and weakest among the fundamental forces present in nature?
Answer:
The strongest force present in nature is the Strong Nuclear Force and the weakest force present in nature at atomic scale is Gravity.
Question 2: Which of the following forces are Fundamental, and which are derived in nature?
Weak Nuclear Force, Friction Force, Gravity, Elasticity, Electromagnetic Force, Push
Answer:
Fundamental Forces ⇢ Weak Nuclear Force, Gravity, Electromagnetic Force.
Derived Force ⇢ Friction Force, Elasticity, Push.
Question 3: A statement is being used now “Gravity is not a force” Throw light on this statement.
Answer:
Isaac Newton initially discovered Gravity and Gravitational Force. It was then stated that gravity is a Force. Later on, with the help of Theory of Relativity, Einstein stated that Gravity is actually not a force but a result of space-time orientation. It is a consequence of masses moving along a geodesic lines in space time.
Question 4: If the masses of 2 objects are doubled and the space between them is also doubled. How will the gravitational Force between them change?
Answer:
Gravitational Force is given as,
When, Mass 1 and Mass 2 is doubled, M1’=2M1, M2’=2M2
Distance between the masses is doubled, r’= 2r
New Gravitational Force Between them,
Hence, The new value of gravitational Force will be same as the old Gravitational Force.
Question 5: What are Pseudo Forces? Give Examples.
Answer:
Pseudo Forces are also known as Inertial Force or Fictitious Force. These forces actually do not exist and are the apparent forces that are seen due to fact that they are defined from a non-inertial frame.
Example: A man sees another man going in a car and realized that some force is acting on the man in the car. This type of force seen is real as it is seen from a non-accelerated or inertial frame. However, the man in the car if looks at the man standing would feel that some force is acted upon the man and he is going backwards, this force is pseudo force, Since this force is seen from a non-inertial frame or an accelerated frame.
Question 6: Which two forces have infinite range?
Answer:
The two fundamental forces having infinite range are Gravitational force and Electromagnetic force.
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Diversity In The Living World Each residing life form will in general share highlights like development, upkeep of homeostasis, propagation, utilization of energy, adaption, and so forth. These highlights help to recognize various species and furthermore prove to be useful in laying out a connectionRead more
Diversity In The Living World
Each residing life form will in general share highlights like development, upkeep of homeostasis, propagation, utilization of energy, adaption, and so forth. These highlights help to recognize various species and furthermore prove to be useful in laying out a connection between organic entities with a typical hereditary part.
Biodiversity: Biodiversity is every one of the various types of life you’ll track down in one region — the range of creatures, plants, growths, and even microorganisms like microbes that make up our normal world. Every one of these animal categories and living beings cooperates in environments, similar to a multifaceted web, to keep up with equilibrium and back life. Biodiversity upholds everything in nature that we want to get by food, clean water, medication, and asylum.
Features of Living World
Diversity in the Living World
The world is overwhelmed by plenty of living organic entities living in the land, water, ice, sweets, and so forth. Each living organic entity is one of a kind of structure, body capabilities, hereditary make-up, etc. The living life forms found in various natural surroundings have different primary organs or capabilities created according to the states of their environment. Organic entities have advanced to adjust to their evolving surroundings. Various sorts and classes of life forms possessing various conditions are known as biodiversity. Districts that are warm and damp have more different organic entities and are called super biodiversity.
People have advanced from primates. However, presently they don’t appear to be comparative in any capacity. Likewise, every individual is not quite the same as the other. Each individual has an alternate skin tone, hair tone, and eyes, and generally significant of everything is hereditary cosmetics. And that implies that the qualities of each and every individual are unique.
In this manner, to recognize better, we have made gatherings of creatures that in some way seem to be comparative and have a few utilitarian and primary similitudes. This is known as order. There are different variables that impact the order of creatures. It is significantly done based on the accompanying models
Classification System
The grouping of life forms is finished by two techniques. One is characterizing them into plants and creatures and the other one which is a five-realm framework is a more nitty-gritty and coordinated characterization of living beings:
Hierarchy of Classification
Carolus Linnaeus additionally organized the organic entities into various scientific classifications at various levels. These scientific classifications in a chronic request are as per the following
Characteristics of Five Kingdoms
Kingdom Monera
These are unicellular prokaryotes. The life forms come up short on the evident nucleus. They might contain a cell wall. They might be heterotrophic or autotrophic in nature. For instance Bacteria, Cyanobacteria.
Kingdom Protista
Protista are unicellular and eukaryotic organic entities go under this group. They display an autotrophic or heterotrophic method of nutrition. They show the presence of pseudopodia, cilia, or flagella for headway. For instance one-celled critter, paramecium.
Kingdom Fungi
These are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. They have a saprophytic method of nourishment which includes chemoheterotrophic extracellular processing. The cell wall in these organic entities is comprised of chitin. They live in a cooperative relationship with blue-green growth. For instance Yeast, Aspergillus
Kingdom Plantae
These are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. The cell mass of these creatures is comprised of cellulose. They are heterotrophs and set up their own food through photosynthesis. Kingdom Plantae is partitioned into Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. For instance Pines, plants, palm trees, mango trees, and so on.
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia is multicellular, eukaryotic living beings yet they don’t show the presence of cell walls. They are heterotrophs or creatures who can’t set up their own food. Both straightforward and complex life forms are found in this gathering and it’s an extremely general gathering of organisms. The organic entities are hereditarily diverse. They display an organ-framework level of organization. It is partitioned into various phyla like Porifera, Coelenterata, Echinodermata, Chordata, Annelids, and so on. For instance Earthworms, Hydra, and so on.
FAQs on Diversity In The Living World
Question 1: Why are living creatures arranged?
Answer:
Question 2: Why are the order frameworks changing occasionally?
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Question 3: What various measures could you decide to group individuals that you meet frequently?
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Question 4: What do we gain from distinguishing proof of people and the populace?
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Question 5: Given underneath is the logical name of Mango. Recognize the accurately composed name. Mangifera Indica
Answer: